in.the.fields
Verified Member

Posts: 14
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Just adding to the good info / intro about autoformers that GroovySauce posted, there are also transformer based pre-amps, which are basically the same thing, except the wiring is much more complicated. I believe transformer based preamps (Transformer Volume Controls: TVCs) preceded the autoformer variety. They both offer the benefits that GroovySauce mentioned -- notably, the capability to add current inversely proportional to the voltage drop, instead of tossing the extra energy away as heat loss. One practical advantage of this is the ability to maintain dynamics and transparency with low level listening (low voltage levels)... I think the signal can be delivered with less resistive effects. There are other benefits as well, but this is one of the main bullet points.
I think the main reason people migrated to using autoformers is that they perform just as well, but are much easier to wire... with transformers, a separate lead had to be run to a different point on the input winding, which correlated to a gradual change in the voltage : current output ratio as the signal jumps from the primary to the secondary. The volume control was done via a selector rotary knob with maybe 20 or 30 individual 'stops', just like a stepped attenuator. Each 'stop' on the dial needed an independent wire lead to a different place on the transformer, so there would be a bundle (or a tangled mess) of leads that needed to be kept track of and worked around, so it was labor intensive for the builder... and almost all TVCs were hand build using point to point wiring.
I said 'almost' all used point to point wiring, because there are exceptions; I have a recent version of a TVC that uses a PCB instead for the wire leads, which made for a cleaner and more organized build... I doubt the PCB sacrificed anything to sound quality, but it was at the expense of not carrying the sexy 'point to point wiring' badge.
Everyone has their theories about... well, everything... but for me, after a lot of research and experience with various pre-amp designs, TVCs and AVCs are at the top of the heap.
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